@article{HillWD2016b,
title = {Molecular genetic aetiology of general cognitive function is enriched in evolutionarily conserved regions},
author = {Hill, W. D.
Davies, G.
Harris, S. E.
Hagenaars, S. P.
Liewald, D. C.
Penke, L.
Gale, C. R.
Deary, I. J.},
url = {http://www.nature.com/tp/journal/v6/n12/full/tp2016246a.html},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-12-14},
journal = {Transl Psychiatry},
abstract = {Differences in general cognitive function have been shown to be partly heritable and to show genetic correlations with several psychiatric and physical disease states. However, to date, few single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have demonstrated genome-wide significance, hampering efforts aimed at determining which genetic variants are most important for cognitive function and which regions drive the genetic associations between cognitive function and disease states. Here, we combine multiple large genome-wide association study (GWAS) data sets, from the CHARGE cognitive consortium (n=53 949) and UK Biobank (n=36 035), to partition the genome into 52 functional annotations and an additional 10 annotations describing tissue-specific histone marks. Using stratified linkage disequilibrium score regression we show that, in two measures of cognitive function, SNPs associated with cognitive function cluster in regions of the genome that are under evolutionary negative selective pressure. These conserved regions contained ~2.6% of the SNPs from each GWAS but accounted for ~40% of the SNP-based heritability. The results suggest that the search for causal variants associated with cognitive function, and those variants that exert a pleiotropic effect between cognitive function and health, will be facilitated by examining these enriched regions.},
keywords = {Cognitive Function, genetics},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Nevado-HolgadoAJ2016,
title = {Commonly prescribed drugs associate with cognitive function: a cross-sectional study in UK Biobank},
author = {Nevado-Holgado, A. J.
Kim, C. H.
Winchester, L.
Gallacher, J.
Lovestone, S.},
url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27903560},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-12-03},
journal = {BMJ Open},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To investigate medications associated with cognitive function. DESIGN: Population-based cross-sectional cohort study. SETTING: UK Biobank. PARTICIPANTS: UK Biobank participants aged 37-73 years who completed cognitive tests at the baseline visit in 2006-2010. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cognitive test outcomes on verbal-numerical reasoning test (n=165 493), memory test (n=482 766) and reaction time test (n=496 813). RESULTS: Most drugs (262 of 368) were not associated with any cognitive tests after adjusting for age, gender, education, household income, smoking, alcohol status, psychostimulant/nootropic medication use, assessment centre, and concurrent diagnoses and medications. Drugs used for nervous system disorders were associated with poorer cognitive performance (antiepileptics, eg, topiramate breasoning(score) -0.65 (95% CI -1.05 to -0.24), bmemory(score) -1.41 (-1.79 to -1.04); antipsychotics, eg, risperidone breaction time(ms) -33 (-46 to -20), negative values indicate poor cognitive performance and vice versa). Drugs used for non-nervous system conditions also showed significant negative association with cognitive score, including those where such an association might have been predicted (antihypertensives, eg, amlodipine breasoning -0.1 (-0.15 to -0.06), bmemory -0.08 (-0.13 to -0.03), breaction time -3 (-5 to -2); antidiabetics, eg, insulin breaction time -13 (-17 to -10)) and others where such an association was a surprising observation (proton pump inhibitors, eg, omeprazole breasoning -0.11 (-0.15 to -0.06), bmemory -0.08 (-0.12 to -0.04), breaction time -5 (-6 to -3); laxatives, eg, contact laxatives breaction time -13 (-19 to -8)). Finally, only a few medications and health supplements showed association towards a positive effect on cognitive function (anti-inflammatory agents, eg, ibuprofen breasoning 0.05 (0.02 to 0.08), breaction time 4 (3, 5); glucosamine breasoning 0.09 (0.03 to 0.14), breaction time 5 (3 to 6)). CONCLUSIONS: In this large volunteer study, some commonly prescribed medications were associated with poor cognitive performance. Some associations may reflect underlying diseases for which the medications were prescribed, although the analysis controlled for the possible effect of diagnosis. Other drugs, whose association cannot be linked to the effect of any disease, may need vigilance for their implications in clinical practice.},
keywords = {Cognitive Function, commonly prescribed drugs},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Cullena2015,
title = {Cognitive function and lifetime features of depression and bipolar disorder in a large population sample: Cross-sectional study of 143,828 UK Biobank participants},
author = { B. Cullena, B.I. Nicholl, D.F. Mackay, D. Martina, Z. Ul-Haq, d, A. McIntosh, J. Gallacher, I.J. Deary, J.P. Pell, J.J. Evans, D.J. Smith},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924933815001522},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-10-21},
keywords = {7155, bipolar, Cognitive Function, depression},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Cleutjens2014,
title = {Cognitive Functioning in Obstructive Lung Disease: Results from the United Kingdom Biobank},
author = { Fiona A.H.M. Cleutjens and Martijn A. Spruit and Rudolf W.H.M. Ponds and Jeanette B. Dijkstra and Frits M.E. Franssen and Emiel F.M. Wouters and Daisy J.A. Janssen },
url = {http://www.jamda.com/article/S1525-8610%2813%2900692-0/abstract},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-02-10},
journal = {The Journal of Post Acute and Long Term Care Medicine},
keywords = {Cognitive Function, Lung Disease},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}