@article{LyallDM2016b,
title = {Associations between single and multiple cardiometabolic diseases and cognitive abilities in 474 129 UK Biobank participants},
author = {Lyall, D.
Celis, C.
Anderson, J.
Gill, J. M.
Mackay, D.
McIntosh, A.
Smith, D. J.
Deary, I.
Sattar, N.
Pell, J.},
url = {http://eurheartj.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2016/11/13/eurheartj.ehw528},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-11-16},
journal = {European Heart Journal},
abstract = {Aims Cardiometabolic diseases (hypertension, coronary artery disease [CAD] and diabetes are known to associate with poorer cognitive ability but there are limited data on whether having more than one of these conditions is associated with additive effects. We aimed to quantify the magnitude of their associations with non-demented cognitive abilities and determine the extent to which these associations were additive.
Methods and results We examined cognitive test scores in domains of reasoning, information processing speed and memory, included as part of the baseline UK Biobank cohort assessment (N = 474 129 with relevant data), adjusting for a range of potentially confounding variables. The presence of hypertension, CAD and diabetes generally associated with poorer cognitive scores on all tests, compared with a control group that reported none of these diseases. There was evidence of an additive deleterious dose effect of an increasing number of cardiometabolic diseases, for reasoning scores (unstandardized additive dose beta per disease = −0.052 score points out of 13, 95% CI [confidence intervals] −0.063 to − 0.041, P < 0.001), log reaction time scores (exponentiated beta = 1.005, i.e. 0.5% slower, 95% CI 1.004–1.005, P < 0.001) and log memory errors (exponentiated beta = 1.005 i.e. 0.5% more errors; 95% CI 1.003–1.008).
Conclusion Cardiometabolic diseases are associated with worse cognitive abilities, and the potential effect of an increasing number of cardiometabolic conditions appears additive. These results reinforce the notion that preventing or delaying cardiovascular disease or diabetes may delay cognitive decline and possible dementia.},
keywords = {cognitive ability, coronary artery disease, diabetes, hypertension},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Bellou2016,
title = {Increased Rates of Hypertension in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis Compared to Psoriasis Alone: Results from the Uk Biobank },
author = {Eftychia Bellou, Suzanne M. M. Verstappen, Michael Cook, Jamie C. Sergeant, Richard B. Warren, Anne Barton, and John Bowes},
url = {http://rheumatology.oxfordjournals.org/content/55/suppl_1/i33.2.short},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-06-01},
journal = {Rheumatology},
abstract = {Background: PsA is a chronic inflammatory arthritis associated with the presence of psoriasis. The aim of this study was to compare lifestyle factors between patients with PsA or psoriasis and a control group and to assess the association between these inflammatory diseases and cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes.

Methods: UK Biobank recruited 502 664 people (ages 40–70 years) in the UK between 2006 and 2010. Cross-sectional data on lifestyle, sociodemographics and health and medical history were collected at the assessment visit by questionnaire and interview by a research nurse. Participants were asked if a physician had ever diagnosed them with PsA, psoriasis or any other disease. Rates of alcohol consumption (current drinker or not) and smoking habits (ever or never) for the two disease groups were compared against a control group using logistic regression. Comparison between disease groups was performed by linear combinations of coefficients after estimation. BMI was tested using linear regression. All regression analyses included age and sex as covariates. Four CVD outcomes—heart failure, heart attack, angina and hypertension—were tested for association with the disease group using logistic regression using BMI, smoking, alcohol consumption, age and sex as covariates. Odds ratios (ORs) and β coefficients are reported with 95% CIs.

Results: A total of 470 994 participants were included; 862 PsA patients, 4 761 psoriasis patients and 465 371 control participants (Table 1). Compared with the control group, both the PsA and psoriasis groups had higher BMIs [β = 1.43 (1.11:1.75) and 0.72 (0.58:0.85), respectively], the psoriasis group smoked more [OR 1.63 (1.54:1.72)] and the PsA group had a lower rate of current drinkers [OR 0.68 (0.55:0.85)]. Comparing between disease groups, the PsA group had a higher BMI [β = 0.69 (0.32:1.06)] and lower rates of both ever smoking and current alcohol consumption [OR 0.70 (0.61:0.81) and 0.65 (0.51:0.83), respectively]. The PsA group had a higher rate of hypertension compared with the control and psoriasis groups [OR 1.71 (1.48:1.97) and 1.55 (1.33:1.82), respectively].

Conclusion: Using a large population-based cohort, we show that self-reported rates of hypertension are significantly higher in patients with PsA compared with psoriasis. },
keywords = {7996, hypertension, Psoriatic Arthritis},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@misc{Yaghootkar2015,
title = {GENETIC VARIANTS ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER BMI AND LOWER BODY FAT PERCENTAGE INCREASE THE RISK OF TYPE 2 DIABETES, HYPERTENSION AND CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE IN THE UK BIOBANK STUDY.},
author = {Hanieh Yaghootkar, Robin Beaumont, Jessica Tyrrell, Samuel Jones, Andrew Wood, Marcus Tuke, Katherine Ruth, Rachel Freathy, Anna Murray, Michael Weedon, Timothy Frayling},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-09-04},
abstract = {The UK Biobank study was designed to understand the role of genes, environment and their interaction in disease. Previous smaller studies have shown that many obese individuals are metabolically healthy whilst many normal weight individuals can have an elevated risk of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease and hypertension. Further studies are needed to investigate the potential role of a shared genetic etiology between these diseases that is independent from obesity. We aimed to use the initial release of genetic data from 120,000 ancestrally British UK Biobank individuals to test the hypothesis that some individuals are genetically predisposed to metabolic disease independently of higher BMI.

We selected 11 common genetic variants previously associated with insulin resistance and metabolic diseases from previously published GWAS data. We tested these variants individually and as a genetic risk score in the 120,000 UK Biobank individuals.

Alleles in or near the LYPLAL1, GRB14, IRS1, PPARG, FAM13A, PDGFC, PEPD and ANKRD55 genes, previously associated with higher insulin resistance, were associated with reduced body fat percentage in UK Biobank (N=118,012, p-values ranging from 0.05 to 9E-11). An insulin resistance genetic risk score consisting of all 11 variants was associated with lower BMI (-0.05kg/m2 per weighted allele [-0.06,-0.03], p=2E-7), lower body fat percentage (-0.13% [-0.15,-0.1], p=2E-27) but only nominally with fat free mass (0.03Kg [0.01,0.05], p=0.01).

Despite this association with lower adiposity the insulin resistance genetic risk score was associated with higher systolic (0.26mmHg [0.18,0.33], p=2E-10) and diastolic blood pressure(0.10 mmHg [0.05,0.14], p=6E-5), and greater risk of hypertension(OR 1.02 [1.01,1.03], p=3E-6, 65,976 cases), type 2 diabetes (OR 1.06 [1.04,1.08], p=2E-8, 4,040 cases) and coronary artery disease(OR 1.03 [1.02,1.05], p=1E-4, 5,807 cases).

The UK Biobank data provide evidence for shared genetic factors that predispose to type 2 diabetes, hypertension and coronary artery disease independently of obesity and suggest that reduced adipose tissue capacity is a likely contributory mechanism.},
keywords = {9055, 9072, coronary artery disease, diabetes, hypertension},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {presentation}
}