Approved Research

An integrated biopsychosocial approach to identify shared mechanisms underlying major psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders

Lay summary

Individuals diagnosed with psychiatric disorders, such as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), have an increased risk of developing neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's later in life. Likewise, individuals with neurodegenerative diseases are at a higher risk of experiencing psychiatric symptoms. These findings suggest shared underlying mechanisms between these conditions. Understanding these shared mechanisms can inform the development of strategies to predict, prevent, and treat both psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Additionally, intervening in psychiatric disorders earlier in life may have the added benefit of preventing neurodegenerative disorders later on.

Current research primarily focuses on biological factors to find potential drug targets, but mental health and brain diseases are influenced by a mix of biological, psychological, and social/environmental factors. Therefore, we propose an integrated biopsychosocial approach to identify shared mechanisms between these disorders. Our research aims to explore associations between common mental health and neurodegenerative disorders, examining biological measures (genetics, proteomics, metabolomics) and environmental/psychosocial factors (diet, personality, living arrangements, occupation) throughout life. By examining evidence from different angles, we hope to understand how these factors work together to contribute to the development of these conditions.

To find answers, we will use different methods. We will look at a large amount of data to see if certain factors are related to mental health and brain diseases (phenome-wide association studies). We will also use statistical analyses and advanced models to understand how these factors work together (regression analyses and structural equation modeling). By studying genes, proteins, brain scans, and other measures, we can learn more about the biological aspects. We will also explore if certain factors play a causal role in these conditions using innovative statistical techniques.

This research aims to enhance our understanding of shared and independent mechanisms underlying mental health and neurodegenerative disorders. It holds the potential to develop interventions targeting various aspects of physiology, behavior, environment, and social structure, with significant implications for public health. Ultimately, the findings can improve prediction, prevention, and treatment strategies for both sets of conditions and contribute to a better understanding of resilience.