Cancer and chronic diseases, such as diabetes and cardiovascular conditions, represent major global health burdens, with complex biological interconnections and often shared molecular mechanisms, including genetic mutations, metabolic imbalances, and abnormal protein expression. Biomarkers play a critical role in early diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic monitoring, as they reflect physiological states and disease characteristics throughout the onset and progression of these conditions. However, many studies have been limited to observational designs, lacking the prospective research needed to fully realise the clinical potential of biomarkers in diagnosis, prognosis, prediction, and monitoring. Long-term follow-up and large-scale studies are crucial to evaluate the effectiveness of biomarkers in clinical practice, which would substantially enhance their applicability. This prospective, multicentre clinical study aims to establish a multi-omics data analysis platform to systematically identify and validate clinically valuable biomarkers. This approach seeks to improve the accuracy of early diagnosis, predict disease progression, support personalised treatments, and develop predictive and diagnostic models, thus providing a robust scientific basis for precision medicine.
