Association between dietary patterns, bone health, cardiovascular disease and mortality

Nutrition is a significant factor affecting bone health and cardiovascular disease, and it is unclear the potential benefits of nutrition differ according to different dietary patterns on bone health and cardiovascular disease. We would like to perform this study to reveal the role of dietary patterns in bone health and cardiovascular disease to inform health promotion strategies by diet advice. UK Biobank is a prospective cohort study of half a million men and women recruited between 2006 and 2010, and provides the opportunity to investigate prominent hypotheses related to diet and bone health and cardiovascular disease in a contemporary population-based cohort in the UK. It has been previously shown that the dietary data collected from the UK Biobank short food-frequency touchscreen questionnaire, which generally asks about frequency of consumption of main foods and food groups, is highly reproducible. These data are available on all UK Biobank participants. In addition, dietary intakes were re-measured in a large sub-sample of participants (n!=!175!402) who completed at least one online 24-hour dietary assessment and these data can be used to correct for regression dilution and other forms of measurement error. Previous research has commonly reported linear associations of single macronutrients with health outcomes. Our study would like to investigate non-linear associations, adjusted the analysis for intake of macronutrients that could influence the observed associations, and implemented isocaloric replacements based on non-linear and linear associations of nutrients and bone health and cardiovascular disease. The entire project lasts approximately 3 years and it’s helpful for understand the combined and interactive effects of different components of the diet on bone health and cardiovascular disease.