The risk for cardiovascular events are significantly higher in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), lifestyle intervention is important in the prevention of both cardiovascular complications and progression of kidney disease. Daily steps or walking is simple and easy as compared with other physical exercises. This study is to explore the appropriate daily steps to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) complications and delay the progression of renal insufficiency using the prospective study data from the UK Biobank cohort. The primary outcome was the occurrence of CVD events, stroke, and cardiovascular-specific mortality and all-cause mortality in patients with CKD. The secondary outcomes are the occurrence of kidney hard endpoints ((creatinine doubling, end-stage renal failure, dialysis, or transplantation), also including the changes of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and proteinura. The results will be helpful in the development of future guidelines on exercise for patients with CKD.
