Obesity, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are each associated with a high burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality; they commonly co-occur and disproportionately affect disenfranchised populations. Recently, the American Heart Association (AHA) has characterized cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome (CKM Syndrome) as the interactions and pathophysiological connections among the cardiovascular system, renal system, and metabolic risk factors, leading to multiorgan dysfunction and to a complex clinical presentation. In the USA, more than 1 in 4 adults present at least one condition of the triad, while the prevalence of concurrent comorbidities associated with CKM is approximately 25 -30% worldwide, reflecting the seriousness of this multimorbidity condition.The clinical implications of poor CKM health are significant, with potential for mortality, excess morbidity, multiorgan disease, and high health care expenditures driven largely by the burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD).The study recently showed that cumulative social disadvantage, denoted by higher social risk profile (SRP) burden, was associated with higher odds of CKM multimorbidity, independent of demographic and lifestyle factors. However, few studies have studied the association between lifestyle behaviors and CKM. Therefore, our current study aimed to investigate the LE8 score and incident and all-cause mortality of CKM syndrome from the UK Biobank.
