Background: Individuals with autoimmune diseases carry elevated risk for cardiovascular disease similar to the risk brought by type 2 diabetes. Yet the exact underlying biological mechanisms remain unclear, and currently available models are insufficient to accurately predict cardiovascular risks in these patients.
Objectives: To i) determine the extent of the association between autoimmune diseases and cardiovascular risk that is explained by known cardiovascular risk factors; ii) examine possible underlying biological mechanisms beyond known cardiovascular risk factors by investigating how blood biomarkers mediate observed associations; iii) develop a risk prediction model specifically for individuals affected by autoimmune disorders, considering both traditional and disease specific risk factors.
Methods: The study will use one of the largest and richest datasets available with cardiovascular risk factors, blood biomarkers and imaging data, the UK Biobank. Analyses will consider 19 of the most common autoimmune diseases and 12 cardiovascular outcomes.
Expected outcomes: A better understanding of possible pathophysiological mechanisms underlying cardiovascular risks in patients with autoimmune diseases may support the future development of preventive treatments. Tools for accurate identification of individuals at highest risk of developing cardiovascular events early in life may further support more targeted and timely risk modification interventions.
