Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and malignant tumors are among the leading causes of mortality worldwide, with complex pathogenesis involving multiple factors. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have indicated that various sleep characteristics, cardiometabolic risk factors, and biochemical markers are closely associated with the development of CVD and malignant tumors. For instance, short sleep duration has been linked to an increased risk of CVD, including hypertension, coronary heart disease, and stroke. Additionally, sleep deprivation is associated with metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, which are significant risk factors for CVD. Moreover, oxidative stress, which is strongly associated with CVD and cancer, can be exacerbated by sleep deprivation and other cardiometabolic risk factors. Despite these findings, the causal relationships between these factors and CVD or malignant tumors remain underexplored, and there is a lack of concise and effective predictive models for screening high-risk populations.
The first aim of this study is to explore the causal relationships between various sleep characteristics, cardiometabolic risk factors, and biochemical markers with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and malignant tumors. The second aim is to investigate the role of cardiometabolic risk factors and biochemical markers in the relationship between sleep characteristics and CVD and malignant tumors. The third aim is to develop predictive models for major CVD and malignant tumors to screen high-risk populations.
