Scientific Rationale and Public Health Relevance:
Upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancers, including esophageal and gastric cancers, are major causes of cancer-related mortality. While risk factors such as BMI, metabolic disturbances, lifestyle behaviors (e.g., smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity), and environmental exposures have been identified, the complex interactions between these factors remain poorly understood. This study aims to explore how metabolic abnormalities, lifestyle factors, medication use, and environmental pollutants contribute to the onset and progression of UGI cancers, using UK Biobank data.
Metabolic dysfunction, including obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, is linked to cancer through inflammatory pathways, but its role in UGI cancers remains underexplored. Lifestyle factors like smoking and alcohol use are well-established risk factors, but their combined effects with metabolic disturbances and environmental exposures require further investigation. Additionally, past medication use, such as proton pump inhibitors or NSAIDs, may influence cancer risk by altering gut microbiota or inflammation.
Primary Research Questions:
How do BMI, metabolic disturbances, and lifestyle behaviors influence UGI cancer risk?
What are the synergistic effects of medication use and environmental pollutants in UGI cancer?
Can identifying key risk factors and interactions provide insights for targeted interventions?
Health Relevance:
This study is vital for public health, as it aims to identify modifiable risk factors for UGI cancer and improve prevention strategies. By leveraging UK Biobank data, the findings can guide early detection efforts, personalized interventions, and policy recommendations to reduce cancer burden. This research will advance understanding of UGI cancer and inform precision medicine, benefiting both individuals at risk and public health initiatives.