Cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide and is driven by both genetic and lifestyle factors, which is defined as the coexistence of two or three cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs), including diabetes, ischemic heart disease (IHD), and stroke. In recent years, polygenic risk scores (PRSs) have been widely used in many diseases, including CMDs. Although single CMDs PRS effectively identify individuals at high risk of individual disease, but the effectiveness of PRS on CMM risk assessment and the extent to which a high genetic risk of CMM can be offset by a healthy lifestyle or fine air quality remain unclear. Generally, for lifestyle and air pollutants, prior studies either investigated the impact of these factors on the development of CMM in participants free of any CMD, regardless of the intermediate progress of a single CMD, or on the prognosis of patients with a single CMD or CMM.
Therefore, we decided to settle the relationship in three years. It is our hope that the results generated from this project will help clinicians and researchers identify whether genetic susceptibility modifies the effects of lifestyle factors (LFs) and air pollutants (APs) on the development and prognosis of CMM and which cardiometabolic biomarkers may mediate the effect of LFs and APs, with the goal of intervening the modifiable risk factors of individuals at high genetic risk in the early stage of the disease or in the period of recovery, reducing mortality and disability that are crucial for the well-being of patients.
