Our previous analysis of a prospective cohort of Chinese T2DM patients revealed that metformin, renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors, and statins can reduce the cancer risk associated with specific lipid profiles and albuminuria. Mechanistic studies suggest that dysregulation of the 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway and crosstalk between the RAS and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) cholesterol pathways create a cancer-promoting environment in T2DM patients. Given the pivotal roles of AMPK, IGF-1, and the RAS system in cellular proliferation, differentiation, and survival, understanding their interactions and roles in cancer development is crucial for developing targeted interventions. This study investigates the roles of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), renin-angiotensin system (RAS) systems, and 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway in cancer risk among Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients using UK Biobank data, especially the crosstalk between IGF-1 and RAS systems. Our methodology includes identifying T2DM participants through self-reported data, genome sequence data, and medical records, excluding those with a prior cancer history. Statistical analysis will assess associations between the IGF-1, RAS systems, and AMPK pathway and cancer incidence. Expected outcomes include identifying significant associations that could inform targeted interventions for cancer prevention in T2DM patients.
