Previous studies have reported that neurological abnormalities in childhood may lead to adult-onset neurological diseases through epigenetic mechanisms and disturbance of the proteostasis network. However, no research has explored their direct relationship by studying a large group of people. Therefore, our research question is to explore whether there is a causal relationship between neurological abnormalities in childhood and adult-onset neurological diseases. If so, we aim to determine the underlying reasons for their occurrence. Childhood neurological abnormalities include epilepsy, febrile seizure, neurodevelopmental dysfunction, neuroinfectious diseases, neuroimmune diseases, and other abnormalities in the structure and function of the nervous system. Adult-onset neurological diseases encompass epilepsy, neurodegenerative diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, and other abnormalities in the structure and function of the nervous system. We aim to clarify whether the history of neurological abnormalities in childhood or other factors could increase the risk of neurological diseases in adulthood. Moreover, we seek to uncover the underlying pathogenic mechanisms and identify biomarkers that can effectively predict the occurrence of adult neurological diseases.The development of the nervous system in childhood is a complex and highly sensitive process. The critical periods of neurodevelopment (including fetal stage and early childhood) are important stages for the formation of brain structure and function. During this period, any disruptions (infections, malnutrition, or stress) can lead to nervous system abnormalities, thereby increasing the risk of neurological diseases in adulthood. Since Waddington proposed the concept of the epigenetic landscape, genetic factors and external factors have been regulating the developmental process, thus laying the foundation for subsequent physiological functions.
