Chronic disease, posing a significant global health burden, is a multifaceted process that can be influenced by various external environmental exposures during different early life stages. These exposures, in conjunction with internal genetic factors, are closely linked to the development and health outcomes of chronic diseases. However, previous studies primarily focused on examining the effects of individual time points and specific factors on health outcomes, which fail to provide a comprehensive explanation for the impact of external environmental exposures and genetic factors on diseases development, and failing to distinguish whether there are differences in the extent to which chronic diseases are affected by different stages of exposure. Despite the emphasis placed by many researchers on the significance of early prevention and holistic disease management, there remains a dearth of evidence in these areas. Hence, the main aim of this study is to explore the complex associations (independent, mediation, interaction, joint) of internal genetic factors and external environmental factors (nutrition, lifestyle factors, psychosocial factors, air pollution, etc.) with the risk/mortality of chronic diseases (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, gout, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiovascular disease, cancer, etc). And we will also focus on the impact of exposures at different early life stages (pregnancy, infancy, childhood and adolescence, adulthood, etc.) and their dynamic changes on chronic diseases. Our research will provide a theoretical basis for early disease prevention and health promotion by elucidating the complex interplay between external environmental exposures, genetic factors, and chronic diseases, as well as the effects of exposures at different stages of early life on chronic diseases. This study is expected to last for 36 months.
