Ensuring the health and quality of life of the older adults is an important issue for government departments in various countries. Frailty is common in the older adults, characterized by a decline in functional reserve and stress resistance, as well as an increased susceptibility to adverse health outcomes such as falls, fractures, hospitalization, or death. Frailty is a reversible condition with bidirectional changes over time, yet it lacks definitive early biomarkers. Research has reported that patients with chronic cardiometabolic diseases are at a higher risk of frailty. However, these studies often use cross-sectional methods, assuming that the levels of risk factors remain fixed during the follow-up. The dynamic changes in risk factor levels may provide more valuable information for analyzing their association with diseases and adverse outcomes. The dynamic nature of cardiometabolic risk factors and their complex interactions present a significant challenge for the early identification and prevention of frailty. This study aims to investigate the relationship between cardiometabolic risk factors and frailty in older adults, focusing on both the association of these risk factors with frailty and adverse health outcomes, and the impact of their dynamic changes on the natural progression of frailty. By utilizing longitudinal data and employing analytical methods, we will explore the interaction between risk factors and frailty, as well as the potential influence of risk factor trajectory patterns on the natural history of frailty. We seek to uncover more valuable information on the association between frailty and cardiometabolic factors, beyond what cross-sectional methods can provide. We would envisage this project taking between 12 and 36 months to complete. This study will be crucial for government departments and healthcare providers in formulating strategies to ensure the well-beings and preventing frailty in older adults.
