This study aims to examine the combined effects of vigorous intermittent lifestyle physical activity (VILPA) and sleep on depression and anxiety in older adults. While both physical activity and sleep are recognized as key determinants of psychological health, their interaction and potential synergistic influence on late-life mental well-being remain insufficiently explored. Drawing on large-scale data from the UK Biobank, this research seeks to address three core questions: whether engagement in VILPA reduces depressive and anxiety symptoms in older adults, how sleep duration and quality influence the relationship between VILPA and mental health outcomes, and whether sleep acts as a mediator or moderator in these associations. The primary aim is to provide robust evidence of the potential of VILPA as a practical, low-threshold intervention to alleviate depression and anxiety in aging populations. A secondary aim is to clarify the role of sleep in shaping these effects, offering insights into how optimizing sleep habits may enhance the psychological benefits of VILPA. Ultimately, this study intends to generate scientific evidence that supports the development of accessible, non-pharmacological strategies to promote mental health, independence, and quality of life among older adults.
