Abstract
BackgroundPotential associations between nutrient intake and mental disorders was suggested, but remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the associations between dietary nutrient intake and three major mental disorders.MethodsWe analyzed 169,776 participants in the UK Biobank who had no prior diagnoses of depression, anxiety, or suicide from baseline (2006-2010) to 2020. Dietary intake was assessed via Oxford WebQ and adjusted using a nutrient residual model. As dietary data were self-reported, potential measurement error and recall bias may exist. Nutrient intake levels were categorized into tertiles. Mental disorder diagnoses were identified using the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10). Associations were examined using Cox proportional hazards models, with subgroup analyses by sex, body mass index and Townsend Deprivation Index.ResultsThe median follow-up period was 10.4 years. Over the follow-up period, 6637 (3.91%) participants developed depression, 6160 (3.63%) developed anxiety, and 447 (0.26%) attempted suicide. Intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids, fat, protein, fibre and carbohydrate were significantly associated with mental disorders. For example, inversely association was observed in n-3 fatty acids (HR 0.880, 95% CI 0.829-0.935) with depression; vegetable protein with anxiety (HR 0.820, 95% CI 0.771-0.872), and fat with suicide (HR 0.705, 95% CI 0.559-0.889). Subgroup analyses indicated these associations were significant only in women; notably, higher n-3 fatty acids were associated with lower depression risk (HR 0.819, 95% CI 0.760-0.882), but not in men.ConclusionNutrient intake was associated with depression, anxiety, and suicide, highlighting its potential as a predictive tool or prevention in mental health.